Discover Bulgaria: History, Nature, Beaches, and Culture
Bulgaria is one of Europe’s most underrated travel destinations — a land of ancient civilizations, breathtaking nature, vibrant cities, and sun-soaked Black Sea beaches. Nestled in southeastern Europe, bordered by Greece, Turkey, Romania, Serbia, and North Macedonia, this fascinating country offers an incredible diversity of experiences for every type of traveler.
From UNESCO World Heritage sites to mountain hiking trails, spa towns to bustling cities, and golden beaches to charming rural villages — Bulgaria combines rich history with authentic local culture and natural beauty. And thanks to its affordability, Bulgaria is one of the best value destinations in Europe.
In this guide, you’ll discover everything you need to know about visiting Bulgaria: what to see, where to go, local food, when to visit, and the best excursions to enhance your trip.
A Glimpse into Bulgaria’s History
Bulgaria is one of the oldest countries in Europe, with a history that stretches back thousands of years. The Thracians, an ancient civilization, left behind mysterious tombs and impressive gold treasures. Later, the region became part of the Roman Empire, and later the Byzantine Empire. In the 7th century, the First Bulgarian Empire was established, giving the country its name.
Throughout the Middle Ages, Bulgaria flourished as a cultural and religious center, with Orthodox monasteries and churches spreading across the land. The country later spent nearly 500 years under Ottoman rule, before gaining independence in the late 19th century.
Today, Bulgaria’s layered history can be seen in its ancient ruins, medieval fortresses, Orthodox churches, and Ottoman-era architecture.
Top Cities and Regions to Explore
Sofia — The Dynamic Capital
Bulgaria’s capital Sofia is an exciting blend of old and new. You’ll find Roman ruins side by side with modern shopping streets, Soviet-style monuments next to chic cafes.
Must-sees in Sofia:
- Alexander Nevsky Cathedral — The grand Orthodox cathedral, one of the largest in the Balkans.
- Roman ruins of Serdica — Unearthed ancient streets right in the city center.
- Vitosha Boulevard — Lined with shops, cafes, and restaurants.
- Vitosha Mountain — Just outside the city, great for hiking or skiing in winter.
Plovdiv — Europe’s Oldest Continuously Inhabited City
Plovdiv, Bulgaria’s second-largest city, is an absolute must-visit. It’s one of the oldest cities in Europe, with traces of Neolithic, Thracian, Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman cultures.
Highlights:
- Roman Amphitheater — Still used for concerts today.
- Kapana District — A colorful creative quarter full of art galleries and trendy cafes.
- Old Town Plovdiv — With beautifully preserved 19th-century houses.
Veliko Tarnovo — The Medieval Capital
Known as the “City of the Tsars,” Veliko Tarnovo was once Bulgaria’s medieval capital.
Don’t miss:
- Tsarevets Fortress — Perched high above the city with sweeping views.
- Samovodska Charshia — Traditional craftsmen’s street.
- The atmospheric old quarter with cobbled streets and river views.
Varna & The Black Sea Coast
In summer, the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast attracts beach lovers from across Europe. Varna, the largest city on the coast, combines seaside relaxation with history and nightlife.
Top beaches and resorts:
- Sunny Beach — The largest and liveliest resort.
- Golden Sands — Known for its long stretch of fine sand.
- Nessebar — A UNESCO World Heritage old town on a picturesque peninsula.
- Sozopol — A charming town with a laid-back vibe.
The Mountains: Rila, Pirin, and the Rhodopes
Nature lovers will be amazed by Bulgaria’s mountains.
- Rila Mountains — Home to Rila Monastery (UNESCO) and the Seven Rila Lakes.
- Pirin National Park — Stunning alpine landscapes, perfect for hikers.
- Rhodopes — Known for their mysterious caves, remote villages, and folk traditions.
Bulgaria’s Monasteries
Bulgaria’s Orthodox monasteries are not only religious sites — they’re also architectural and cultural treasures.
Top monasteries to visit:
- Rila Monastery — The largest and most famous.
- Bachkovo Monastery — Near Plovdiv, surrounded by mountains.
- Rozhen Monastery — In the Melnik wine region.
Bulgarian Cuisine
Bulgarian food is hearty, fresh, and full of flavor — a fusion of Balkan, Slavic, and Ottoman influences.
Dishes to try:
- Shopska salad — Tomato, cucumber, onion, and sirene cheese.
- Banitsa — Pastry filled with cheese and eggs.
- Kavarma — Slow-cooked meat stew.
- Tarator — Cold cucumber-yogurt soup (perfect in summer).
- Mekitsa — Fried dough served with honey or jam.
Bulgaria also produces excellent wines and fiery rakia (fruit brandy).
Spa and Wellness
Bulgaria is famous for its natural mineral springs and spa culture.
Top spa towns:
- Velingrad — The “spa capital” of Bulgaria.
- Hisarya — Ancient Roman spa town.
- Sapareva Banya — Known for its hot geyser.
Outdoor Activities
Bulgaria is a paradise for outdoor enthusiasts.
Hiking and trekking:
- Rila and Pirin offer excellent high-mountain trails.
- The Rhodopes have mystical forests and caves.
Winter sports:
- Bansko, Borovets, and Pamporovo are popular ski resorts, offering great value compared to Western Europe.
Caving:
- Devetashka Cave, Yagodina Cave, and the Devil’s Throat.
River adventures:
- Kayaking on the Iskar Gorge or Arda River.
Festivals and Traditions
Bulgaria is rich in folklore and traditions.
- Kukeri Festival — Men in elaborate costumes and masks scare away evil spirits (January–March).
- Rose Festival — Celebrating the famous Bulgarian rose oil in the Valley of Roses (early June).
- Nestinari Fire Dancing — Ritual fire dancing in Strandzha.
When to Visit Bulgaria
- Summer (June–August) — Best for beach holidays and lively festivals.
- Spring (April–June) — Ideal for hiking, flowers, and pleasant weather.
- Autumn (September–October) — Wine harvest season and beautiful fall colors.
- Winter (December–March) — Great for skiing and spa escapes.
How to Get to Bulgaria
- By air: Main airports in Sofia, Plovdiv, Varna, and Burgas.
- By land: Border crossings with Romania, Serbia, Turkey, Greece, North Macedonia.
- By sea: Ferries and cruise ships stop in Varna and Burgas.
Why Visit Bulgaria?
Bulgaria remains one of Europe’s best-kept secrets. Whether you’re interested in:
- Ancient history
- Spectacular nature
- Authentic culture
- Vibrant cities
- Affordable ski resorts
- Delicious food
- Beautiful beaches
…Bulgaria offers it all — at a fraction of the price of more famous European destinations.
And thanks to its small size, it’s easy to combine mountains, cities, and coast in one trip.
Excursions & Tours in Bulgaria
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Example tours to feature:
- Sofia walking tour
- Day trip to Rila Monastery and the Seven Rila Lakes
- Plovdiv and Bachkovo Monastery tour
- Black Sea coast boat tour
- Rose Valley and Thracian tombs excursion
- Wine tasting in Melnik
Tip: Book your excursions and tours in advance on get your guide:
Conclusion
Bulgaria deserves a spot on every traveler’s bucket list. With its fascinating mix of ancient history, outdoor adventure, relaxing spa towns, charming villages, and sun-soaked beaches — all at affordable prices — Bulgaria offers an experience you won’t forget.
Whether it’s your first time in the Balkans or you’re looking for an off-the-beaten-path destination, Bulgaria will surprise and inspire you.